12/30/2023 0 Comments Carbonite reviews cnetIf this is what you’re looking for, read on and we’ll go through what makes the best unlimited online backup. However, if the devices you need to back up all hold a lot of data, using an unlimited service can be a great idea. Sometimes mobile devices, external hard drives and network attached storage devices can be added even with this device limit, but that depends on the online backup service you choose. Generally, when a provider doesn’t limit the amount of space you can access, you’ll only be able to back up one device.
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12/30/2023 0 Comments Zenmate for uc browserIf you’re demanding more functionality and compatibility, then UC Browser will be the finest selection for you. UC Browser has two default themes which create a homepage square just the same Windows 10 and circle icons. Opening lots of tabs in the meantime with just one click is easy now without dragging down the speed of your Windows. UC Browser offers fast and smooth surfing on the internet even in a poor internet connection. With this browser, your loading of web pages will be done within seconds. It also has the home symbol as well as gray lines that presents the options’ menu as Google Chrome. That’s why understanding the interface of this browser and utilizing this is so simple. This web browser has most of the systems that are comparable to Google Chrome. With this system, it can retain all the irritating ads that disturb you while you’re watching your desired shows. UC Browser has a powerful and well-built Ad blocker option. When you initiate a download, it will start automatically at that moment. This browser has the highest speed, which enables users to download any of their required content in a superfast way. Right there, you have included some core features of the UC Browser. Major Features of UC BrowserĪs this is a web browser, it’s obvious that there will be many features and functions on it. This UC Browser is totally safe to utilize on your device with any operating system. They will systematically continue to download. UC Browser is set up in 2004 which is not only utilized for windows but also all types of OS devices such as:īy any chance, if your windows shut down, don’t have trouble restarting a fresh new download of your content. Over the years, users prefer this search engine for their every day internet working activities. UC Browser is widely known as the safest and easy to use browser. UC Browser – Live Cricket Scores, Video Downloader. Put your mind at ease, cause here we’ll describe some core details of the ucbrowser for pc. You may find many browsers when you search for the UC Browser app. Technical Specifications of UC Browser APK File Through this browser, your download experience will be the best. This app is a freeware which can be transformed into 14 different languages. It will improve your experience with online networking. If you’re bored with your slow internet connection, this UC Browser will be the most accurate choice. Install ucbrowser for pc and launch this without having to worry about the system performance. This reliable browser is well known for its speed. You can do so by submitting a request.UC Browser is the best web browser through which users can surf the internet with huge utility. That's all it takes to update your ZenMate VPN extension for Firefox.įor any immediate questions or concerns, feel free to always reach out to our Support Department. Or click "Update add-ons Automatically" if you want to turn on your auto-update feature. Step 2: C lick on "Check for Updates" if you want to manually update the extension. Then click the gear icon in the upper right area of the extension panel: Step 1: Click the menu button in the top right corner, then click on add-ons and select extensions. That's all it takes to update your ZenMate VPN extension for Google Chrome. Step 2: Turn developer mode on by toggling the button on the upper right corner and then c lick on the update button. Step 1 : T ype chrome://extensions/ in your address bar or go to the 3 menu dots at the top right corner of your window, and then click on " More tools", and select " Extensions". And if your browser didn't automatically update it, you might want to f ollow these 2 easy steps to get the latest version of ZenMate VPN on Chrome or Firefox. The ZenMate VPN extension recently underwent a massive redesign and complete upgrade. That's unless you have auto-update functionality disabled. Usually closing the browser and reopening it will automatically update your extensions. How to get the latest Zenmate VPN browser update Get the latest ZenMate VPN extension upgrade. Find out how to update your ZenMate VPN extension to the latest version with 2 easy steps no matter the browser you're using. 12/30/2023 0 Comments Orange calico tabby catTorbie cats combine tabby and tortoiseshell patterns, and are also referred to as “patched tabbies.” Torbies have a mottled or marbled coat pattern similar to tortoiseshell cats, but instead of black and orange (or red), the colors are a mixture of brown, black, and red. In general, tortoiseshell cats are favored by cat enthusiasts due to their distinctive appearance and strong personality. They might have a coat that is primarily black or orange with a few patches that are the opposite color that will get darker as they age. It’s crucial to remember that a tortoiseshell kitten’s coat pattern could not yet be fully formed when identifying them. Tortoiseshell cats have a reputation for being fiercely devoted to their owners and forging close relationships with them. They might have more oval-shaped eyes, a slimmer build, and a stronger sense of independence. Tortoiseshell cats differ from other cat breeds in physical characteristics in addition to their distinctive coat pattern. Even though they are uncommon and normally sterile, male tortoiseshell cats do occasionally have an extra X chromosome. Tortoiseshell cats have a distinctive and eye-catching appearance due to the way the colors are mixed together to create a mottled or marbled pattern.ĭue to the genetic inheritance of their coat pattern, tortoiseshell cats, like calicos, are nearly entirely female. Known as “torties,” tortoiseshell cats have a coat pattern akin to calico cats but with two distinct colors: black and orange (or red). Overall, calico cats are favored by cat owners due to their eye-catching looks and distinctive dispositions. Instead, they might have a coat that is mostly white with a few colored spots as they age, this may change. It’s crucial to remember that calico kittens’ coats could not have fully acquired the tri-color pattern when recognizing them. Additionally, compared to other cats, calico cats have a tendency to be a little more reserved and independent. They can, for instance, have a rounder face or a more compact body. Since calico cats need two X chromosomes to inherit the tri-color pattern, they are uncommon and often sterile.Ĭalico cats differ from other cat breeds in physical characteristics in addition to their tri-colored coat. Given that a gene on the X chromosome is responsible for the tricolor pattern, calico cats are virtually always female. Some calico cats may also have other hues, such cream or gray. Usually, the color is distributed unevenly across the body in patches of various sizes and forms. White, black, and orange make up the tri-color coat that distinguishes calico cats from other felines (or red). 12/30/2023 0 Comments Angry gorilla cryptoBIG will be the first entirely community-owned DAO focusing on marketing and blockchain development work. This highly anticipated Ethereum-based project will be the first truly decentralized autonomous organization (DAO), using blockchain smart contracts to handle all decision-making activities. While working to complete this wide array of enhancements for the FEGex ecosystem, the FEG Token project has also been collaborating with an upcoming project release: BIG Shiba Inu (BIG). Once USCT, staking and other FEGex systems are completed, two developers will be dedicated to full-time development and implementation of the bridge. The FEG Project also announced that their multi-chain bridge will soon enable trading across numerous blockchains, including Fantom, Polygon and Avalanche, with many more anticipated. Based on the popular SmartDeFi launchpad, this brand-new technology will allow creators to mint highly secure sNFTs that can leverage Asset Backing and SmartLend capabilities - all of which add utility and long-term value growth for otherwise static assets. The third version of the FEGex staking protocol is nearing completion and will expand rewards for vested assets to include the brand-new USCT stable coin, as well as the upcoming SmartNFT (sNFT) protocol. Furthermore, projects listing on FEGex are already required to lock their liquidity for one year to prevent rug pulls, but additional options are being added that reward project developers for longer locking periods with increased Smart Rising Price Floor percentages, higher developer percentages, etc. The first of its kind GASrebate system, which rewards investors by returning blockchain gas fees for transactions on the FEGex platform, has been revamped to block malicious farming activities. Once released, USCT will introduce new opportunities for users and investors in FEG Tokens, benefiting staking pools and enabling the world’s top cryptocurrencies to be traded seamlessly on FEGex.Īdditional improvements have also been made to FEGex swap and staking contracts, including enhanced anti-bot protection and security measures. The FEG Project has announced that the USCT protocol is built and is undergoing testing. USCT will become the first true stable coin, completely resistant to market fluctuations, and is primed to become a major contender to traditional stable coin assets. The FEG Token project has revealed that their Universal Stable Cent (USCT) resolves this problem by utilizing the lowest possible denomination of $0.01. While this may seem insignificant, it can result in millions of dollars lost when considering that USDT alone accounts for three to four percent of the $2 trillion total cryptocurrency market capitalization. While designed to withstand price variations, these USD-pegged assets regularly fluctuate based on transaction volume - sometimes rising or falling by 0.1% or more. The FEG team acknowledged that the user interface needs further development and extensive testing before the wallet can go live, but the hardened security that the Grafene 2FA Crypto Wallet will provide when launched will obsolete all existing software and hardware wallets.Īn additional focal point for the FEG ecosystem regards existing stable-coin options, such as USDT and USDC, and their lack of actual stability. FEG community members have even challenged Anonymous, the world-renowned hacking group, yet the prize pool remains untouched. Even though the seed phrase was prominently posted on (giving anyone access to withdraw the funds), no one has cracked the security and retrieved the prize. Upon unveiling the FEG project’s exclusive blockchain-based 2FA technology, the team announced an exciting $100,000 hacking competition. The Grafene Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) Crypto Wallet, revealed during Crypto Expo Dubai, has already made waves throughout crypto circles. Their recent announcement of upcoming technology releases will undoubtedly catapult FEG into the forefront and further demonstrate the gravity of their ecosystem. After closing out their first hugely successful year, the FEG project will turn heads and change crypto forever with their roadmap expansion. GLASGOW, Scotland, Ma(GLOBE NEWSWIRE) - via CryptoCurrencyWire - Since its launching in early 2021, the Feed Every Gorilla (FEG) Token project has repeatedly exceeded expectations, rapidly pushing out next-generation tech: The decentralized and community-owned FEG Exchange (FEGex), the honey pot-proof SmartSwap system, the second-to-none fWrapping system and the groundbreaking SmartDeFi cryptocurrency launchpad represent only some of the revolutionary technologies laying the foundation for the next phase of growth and expansion. 12/29/2023 0 Comments Write up form for employeesIt should not be the first step taken when addressing a performance issue, but rather a last resort when other attempts to correct the behavior have failed. It's important to note that an employee write-up should be part of a larger disciplinary process that includes verbal warnings, coaching, and progressive discipline. By documenting the issue in writing, the employer can ensure that everyone involved has a clear understanding of the situation, and can take appropriate action if necessary. It serves as a formal notice to the employee that their actions or conduct are unacceptable and must be corrected.Įmployee write-ups typically include information such as the date of the incident, a description of the problem, the expected behavior or performance, and the consequences if the issue is not resolved. An employee write-up, also known as a disciplinary action form, is a written record of an employee's behavior or performance issue. What is a disciplinary action form?īefore we dive into the details of how to write up an employee, let's start with a quick definition. By understanding the importance of writing up an employee and following best practices for doing so, you can help your team thrive, and your company succeed. Whether you're a new manager or have been managing employees for years, this post will provide valuable insights and tips for handling difficult situations in the workplace. Documenting performance issues can help protect your company from legal issues, ensure that employees are held accountable for their actions, and provide a clear record of the steps taken to address the problem. While the idea of writing up an employee may sound harsh or punitive, it's actually a necessary step in maintaining a healthy and productive work environment. This is where writing up an employee comes in. While you may want to give your employees the benefit of the doubt and hope that they will improve, there may come a time when you need to take more formal action to address their behavior or performance. As an employer or manager, one of the most challenging tasks you may face is dealing with employee performance issues. 12/29/2023 0 Comments Oscar james cooperInternationally mandated programs Omega Psi Phi chapter members marching in an Independence Day parade, Ypsilanti, MichiganĮach chapter administers internationally mandated programs every year: The Centennial Celebration recognized the impact of the Fraternity in communities over the past 100 years, honored Omega Men for achievement in all walks of life, reiterated Omega Psi Phi's commitment to providing unparalleled community service and scholarship, and charted the Fraternity's future activities. Omega Psi Phi celebrated its centennial during the week of July 27–31, 2011, in Washington, D.C., becoming distinguished as only the third African American collegiate fraternity to reach the century mark. The (NPHC) currently represents over 2.5 million members. Omega Psi Phi is a founding member of the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC), which is composed of nine historically African-American Greek-letter sororities and fraternities that promote interaction through forums, meetings, and other media for the exchange of information, and engage in cooperative programming and initiatives throughout the world. Omega Psi Phi has been a patron of the United Negro College Fund (UNCF) since 1955, providing an annual gift of $50,000.00 to the program. Since 1945, the fraternity has undertaken a National Social Action Program to meet the needs of African Americans in the areas of health, housing, civil rights, and education. Encouraged by public interest, the event was renamed "Negro Achievement Week" in 1925 and given an expanded national presence in 1926 by Woodson's Association for the Study of Negro Life and History as "Negro History Week." Expanded to the full month of February from 1976, this event continues today as Black History Month. Woodson, the fraternity launched Negro History and Literature Week in an effort to publicize the growing body of scholarship on African-American history. In 1924, at the urging of fraternity member Carter G. The fraternity was incorporated under the laws of Washington, D.C., on October 28, 1914. Over 250,000 men have been initiated into Omega Psi Phi throughout the United States, Bermuda, Bahamas, Virgin Islands, South Korea, Japan, Liberia, Germany, and Kuwait. Among the 2013 Super Bowl champion Baltimore Ravens, six players and GM Ozzie Newsome are also members/brothers of the fraternity. Smith, Jalen Hurts, James DuBose, George Clinton, Kevon Williams, DeHart Hubbard, and numerous presidents of colleges and universities. Douglas Wilder, Representative James Clyburn, Earl Graves, Tom Joyner, Charles Bolden, Ronald McNair, Bill Cosby, General William "Kip" Ward, Michael Jordan, Ovince Saint Preux, Shaquille O'Neal, Roger Kingdom, Terrence Trammell, Shammond Williams, Vince Carter, Steve Harvey, Rickey Smiley, Ray Lewis, Stephen A. Massey, Benjamin Mays, Bayard Rustin, Langston Hughes, Count Basie, Roy Wilkins, Benjamin Hooks, Vernon Jordan, Robert Henry Lawrence, Jr., Malcolm Jenkins, State Senator Isadore Hall III, Martin Luther King Sr., Rev. Throughout the world, many notable members are recognized as leaders in the arts, academics, athletics, entertainment, business, civil rights, education, government, and science fields. Since its founding in 1911, Omega Psi Phi's stated purpose has been "to attract and build a strong and effective force of Handsome men dedicated to its Cardinal Principles of manhood, scholarship, perseverance, and uplift". Since its founding the organization has chartered over 750 undergraduate and graduate chapters. The fraternity was founded on November 17, 1911, the first at a historically black university, by three Howard University students, Edgar Amos Love, Oscar James Cooper and Frank Coleman, and their faculty adviser, Dr. ( ΩΨΦ) is a historically African-American fraternity. Omega Psi Phi Founders The Alpha chapter of Omega Psi Phi in 1911. 12/29/2023 0 Comments Roger deakins wolfcrowNobody starts out as a pro cinematographer, so do your best at all times to keep an open mind and to help amateurs and students to learn and expand their skills!Ĩ: Students and Amateurs Must Identify Themselves! If you're a professional and you see work of a lower quality than your own, please refrain from labeling it as 'videography' or 'amateur' just to put down the OP.Any posts showing color grade comparisons must compare the grade against a standard Rec 709 LUT. Log footage (CLog, sLog, LogC, RedLog, etc) is not meant to be viewed directly.That type of content is not what this sub wants to focus on, and if you're interested in cinematography as a profession then you'd do well to avoid v-logs and travel videos as well!Ħ: Color Grade Posts must be compared to REC 709, not to Log/flat footage. As voted by the community in general, none of the above types of submissions are allowed on this sub.If you are posting your own work in any capacity, select Original Contentĥ: No V-Logs, Travel Videos, or Crowdfunding Submissions If not sure which it should be placed in, choose "". When posting, flair your post with the desired category. In an effort to organize the wide array of posts, the sub will broken up into 7 categories:.However, one would do well to refrain from down-voting, name-calling, insults, flame wars, or other impoliteness or rudeness when interacting with others on the sub. As you'd expect then, opinions can sometimes be divisive. This means job listings, crowdfunding, equipment sales/rentals, advertisements or other material deemed solicitous. Solicitation of any kind will not be permitted.You many NOT post work simply to get views or subs! Talk about what you did right, what you did wrong, and where you need help. If you are a student or amateur, you must seek feedback on your work. This includes, but is not limited to: what camera/film the project was shot on, techniques used, lights used, difficulties and limitations experienced during production. Original Content (your or a friend's work) must be accompanied by no less than a 300 character description of the project submitted as a comment to your own post. Other BE SURE TO READ OUR FAQ! Check out our FAQ post for information on common terms and concepts, recommendations for cameras, lenses, and lighting kits, along with info on common cinematography myths! RULES 1: Posting your own work? Make a Submissions Statement! Through the use of lighting, composition, equipment choice, and a variety of other factors, a cinematographer is able to tell or enhance a given story. "Cinematography" pertains to the art and technology of motion-picture photography. Hide Self Posts WHAT IS "CINEMATOGRAPHY"? 12/29/2023 0 Comments Solar vs lunar eclipseIf you like this article, share it if you like, like it if you share it. Does a lunar eclipse occurs on every full moon day?ĪNS: For the same reason mentioned above, a lunar eclipse does not occur on every full moon day. What phase is the moon in during a lunar eclipse? ANS: A lunar eclipse can only occur on a full moon day. Therefore, a solar eclipse does not occur on every new moon day. Does a solar eclipse occurs on every new moon day? ANS: Just because the moon’s orbital path has an axial tilt of approximately 5° with respect to the earth’s orbital plane. What phase is the moon in during a solar eclipse? ANS: A solar eclipse can only occur on a new moon day. Just because the size of the earth is too big compared to the size of the moon, an eclipse of the moon can occur for more than 1 hour.Įditor’s Choice: Why my top 6 Lunar Eclipse Facts are BETTER than Yours?įrequently Asked Questions 1. Moreover, this natural phenomenon can only occur on the eve of the full moon day. Therefore, as a result, the earth’s shadow obstructs the sunlight falling on the surface of the moon. Annular Solar Eclipse (14 October 2023)Ī lunar eclipse occurs when the earth comes between the moon and the sun.Partial Solar Eclipse (25 October 2022) Upcoming Solar Eclipses.Well, if I talk about the recent and upcoming solar events, here is a list of some of the recent and upcoming solar eclipses. In fact, as per the available astronomical writings of the past century, the earth encounters an average of 2.4 eclipses of the sun every year. Therefore, as a result, the magnitude of the solar eclipse becomes less than 1.Įditor’s Choice: Top 6 Solar Eclipse Facts you don’t Wanna MissĪ solar eclipse normally occurs somewhere between 2 to 5 times a year. On the other hand, at some other locations, it looks like an annular solar eclipse. To put it differently, at one location, a hybrid kind of solar eclipse looks like a total solar eclipse.Īs a result, the magnitude of the eclipse becomes greater than or equal to 1. Hybrid Solar EclipseĪ hybrid solar eclipse is nothing but a combination of the total and the annular solar eclipse. Moreover, just because the visibility of the partial solar eclipse varies, the magnitude of the partial solar eclipse does not have any fixed value. Partial Solar EclipseĪs the name suggests, a partial solar eclipse occurs when the moon partially blocks the sunlight from falling on the earth. Not to mention, during the annular solar eclipse, the magnitude of the eclipse is less than 1. In other words, it only covers the central part of the sun’s disk, leaving the sun’s outer edge to form a thin ring of fire.Īnd, for that to happen, the moon has to be near its apogee i.e the farthest distance of the moon from the earth. Annular Solar EclipseĪn annular solar eclipse occurs when the moon does not block out the sun’s disk entirely. Not to mention, during the solar eclipse totality, the magnitude of the eclipse is greater than or equal to 1. And, for that to happen, the moon has to be near its perigee i.e the closest distance of the moon from the earth. Total Solar EclipseĪ total solar eclipse occurs when the moon blocks out the sun’s disk entirely. Not to mention, depending on the fact that how much a celestial object obscures another celestial object, the solar and lunar eclipse can be further bifurcated into many parts.ĭepending on the fact that how much moon is obscuring the sunlight from falling on the earth, it can be further bifurcated into four types. Enjoy a glimpse of the lunar eclipse with the naked eye.Īccording to the astronomical definition of the eclipse, an eclipse occurs when one celestial object comes between the other two celestial objects. Avoid seeing the solar eclipse with the naked eye. It can easily be observed in many places. An eclipse of the moon is typically observed somewhere between 2 to 5 times a year. An eclipse of the sun is typically observed somewhere between 2 to 5 times a year. The duration of the lunar eclipse is at least 1 hour. The duration of a solar eclipse is at most between 5 to 10 minutes. The eclipse of the moon takes place during the nighttime. The eclipse of the sun takes place during the daytime. Only on a full moon day, a lunar eclipse can occur. Only on a new moon day, a solar eclipse can occur. A lunar eclipse occurs when the earth comes between the moon and the sun. A solar eclipse occurs when the moon comes between the earth and the sun. Difference Between Solar and Lunar Eclipse Solar Eclipse Lunar Eclipse 1. 12/28/2023 0 Comments Instal the new HitPaw Video EnhancerBy using this software, you agree to be bound by this agreement. If you do not accept the terms of this Agreement or have not reviewed and understood the User Terms of Service, Privacy Policy, please do not download, install or use the Software. You also acknowledge and understand that the Company will process your personal data in accordance with our Privacy Policy. You are responsible for ensuring that you are at least eighteen (18) years of age and have full capacity and capability to contract this Agreement and, if you do not meet the above conditions, you should ensure that your consent to this Agreement is confirmed by your parent or other guardian on your behalf.īefore installing the Software, please read this Agreement carefully in its entirety, in particular its disclaimers (such terms usually contain words such as "no liability", "no obligation", "no warranty") and terms limiting your rights (such terms usually contain words such as "shall not", " should not", "no right", etc.), the legal application and dispute resolution clauses, which shall be applied to the maximum extent permitted by the laws of the People's Republic of China and are marked in bold type in this Agreement.īy downloading, installing or using our software, You acknowledge that you have read and agree to be bound by this Agreement, the User Terms of Service and Privacy Policy posted on our website (please see Terms & Condition and Privacy Policy for details), and the foregoing contract. This agreement shall co-exist with and not supersede the User Terms of Service and the Privacy Policy. 12:00:00 AM This HitPaw User License Agreement (hereinafter referred as "Agreement") and the User Terms of Service and Privacy Policy as referenced herein are a legally binding agreement between you, the end user, and HITPAW CO.,LIMITED (hereinafter referred as "we" or " the Company") regarding your use of our software program (hereinafter referred as "the Software") and the related services that may result therefrom. HitPaw Video Enhancer requires elevated permissions to install and run. Overall, if you're looking for a powerful and easy-to-use video enhancement software that can help take your videos to the next level, look no further than HitPaw Video Enhancer. Download it today and see the difference for yourself! With our powerful and easy-to-use tools, we have gained more than 23 million downloads from more than 160 countries or regions, and have been trusted by over 100 million customers. Human face refinement: HitPaw Video Enhancer utilizes AI algorithm to adjust details in human faces, making them clear to see and improve the viewing experience. Stabilization: If you've ever shot a video that came out shaky or jittery, you know how frustrating it can be. HitPaw Video Enhancer's stabilization tools can help smooth out your footage and make it look more polished. Noise reduction: With our advanced noise reduction tools, you can remove unwanted grain and other artifacts from your footage, making it look smoother and more professional. Some of the other features that set HitPaw Video Enhancer apart from other video enhancement software include:ĨK AI upscaling: Our software uses artificial intelligence to upscale your videos to higher resolutions up to 8K, making them look sharper and more detailed. One of the key features of HitPaw Video Enhancer is its intuitive interface. We understand that not everyone is an expert in video editing, which is why we've made our software easy to use for anyone. You don't need any technical skills or experience to get started with HitPaw Video Enhancer.Īnother great feature of our software is its versatility. HitPaw Video Enhancer supports a wide range of video formats, including MP4, AVI, MOV, MKV, M4V and more. Whether you're a professional videographer or just someone who loves to capture life's special moments, HitPaw Video Enhancer has everything you need to enhance your blurry footage. You can take your videos to the next level and make them look stunning. Welcome to HitPaw Video Enhancer, your ultimate video enhancement software for all your needs! Our software is designed to help you improve the quality of your videos, from basic color correction to advanced noise reduction and stabilization. 12/28/2023 0 Comments Columbus dis obituaries for yesterdayBy about 1481, Florentine cosmographer Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli sent Columbus a map depicting such a route, with no intermediary landmass other than the mythical island of Antillia. In response to the need for a new route to Asia, by the 1480s, Christopher and his brother Bartholomew had developed a plan to travel to the Indies (then construed roughly as all of southern and eastern Asia) by sailing directly west across what was believed to be the singular "Ocean Sea," the Atlantic Ocean. The fledgling Spanish Empire decided to fund Columbus's expedition in hopes of finding new trade routes and circumventing the lock Portugal had secured on Africa and the Indian Ocean with the 1481 papal bull Aeterni regis. This remained unchanged until the late 15th century, following the dynastic union by marriage of Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon (together known as the Catholic Monarchs of Spain) in 1469, and the completion of the Reconquista in 1492, when the joint rulers conquered the Moorish kingdom of Granada, which had been providing Castile with African goods through tribute. Portugal was the main European power interested in pursuing trade routes overseas, with the neighboring kingdom of Castile-predecessor to Spain-having been somewhat slower to begin exploring the Atlantic because of the land area it had to reconquer from the Moors during the Reconquista. With the Fall of Constantinople to the Turkish Ottoman Empire in 1453, the land route to Asia (the Silk Road) became more difficult as Christian traders were prohibited. Until the mid-15th century, Europe enjoyed a safe land passage to China and India-sources of valued goods such as silk, spices, and opiates-under the hegemony of the Mongol Empire (the Pax Mongolica, or Mongol Peace). The Norse maintained a presence in North America for hundreds of years, but contacts between their North American settlements and Europe had all but ceased by the early 15th century. Many Europeans of Columbus's day assumed that a single, uninterrupted ocean surrounded Europe, Asia and Africa, although Norse explorers had colonized areas of North America beginning with Greenland c. The search for a westward route to Asia was completed in 1521, when another Spanish voyage, the Magellan-Elcano expedition sailed across the Pacific Ocean and reached Southeast Asia, before returning to Europe and completing the first circumnavigation of the world. Columbus participated in the beginning of the Spanish conquest of the Americas, which involved brutally treating and enslaving the natives in the range of thousands.Ĭolumbus died in 1506, and the next year, the New World was named "America" after Amerigo Vespucci, who realized that it was a unique landmass. Soon after first contact, Eurasian diseases such as smallpox began to devastate the indigenous populations. Ever since, the Bahamas as well as the islands of the Caribbean have been referred to as the West Indies.Īt the time of Columbus's voyages, the Americas were inhabited by Indigenous Americans. Columbus was partly inspired by 13th-century Italian explorer Marco Polo in his ambition to explore Asia and never admitted his failure in this, incessantly claiming and pointing to supposed evidence that he had reached the East Indies. These events, the effects and consequences of which persist to the present, are often cited as the beginning of the modern era.īorn in the Republic of Genoa, Columbus was a navigator who sailed for the Crown of Castile (a predecessor to the modern Kingdom of Spain) in search of a westward route to the India, China, Japan and the Spice Islands thought to be the East Asian source of spices and other precious oriental goods obtainable only through arduous overland routes. This breakthrough inaugurated the period known as the Age of Discovery, which saw the colonization of the Americas, a related biological exchange, and trans-Atlantic trade. These voyages led to the widespread knowledge of the New World. The four voyages of Columbus (conjectural)Ĭhristopher Columbus and Castilian crew (among others)Įuropean discovery and colonization of the Americasīetween 14, Spanish explorer Christopher Columbus led four Spanish transatlantic maritime expeditions of discovery to the Caribbean, and to Central and South America. |
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